ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
°Ë°ËÊé³Ç ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

ÓȲ¿ÅÉ·ð½ÌµÄ·ÖÁ¢Óëʦ×Ê´«³ÐµÄÑÐ-µÚÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡STUDY¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡DERIVATION¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡SCHOOLS
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡AND¡¡SECTS¡¡OF¡¡INDIAN¡¡NINAYANA¡¡BUDDHISM
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WITH¡¡THEIR¡¡MASTER¡­DISCIPLE
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DHARMA¡¡TRANSMISSIONS

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡Li¡¡Ch'ung¡­an

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Summary


¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Since¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡synod¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡Rajagrha¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡collection¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡fixing¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡words¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡was
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bequeathed¡¡¡¡by¡¡the¡¡¡¡Buddha¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡editing¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡into
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡scriptures£»¡¡arguments¡¡¡¡arose¡¡among¡¡the¡¡clerics¡¡¡¡that
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡led¡¡to¡¡the¡¡seperation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Sangha¡£¡¡¡¡From¡¡that¡¡time
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡onward£»¡¡different¡¡¡¡schools¡¡of¡¡Hinayana¡¡Buddhist¡¡were
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡established¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡time¡¡passed£»¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡school¡¡would
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡serperated¡¡¡¡into¡¡different¡¡sects¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡article
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shows¡¡¡¡that¡¡among¡¡the¡¡totally¡¡¡¡of¡¡eoghteen¡¡¡¡Hinayana
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sects£»¡¡seven¡¡¡¡of¡¡them¡¡were¡¡¡¡established¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡regime¡¡of¡¡King¡¡¡®Asoka¡®¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡After¡¡King¡¡¡®Asoka¡®¡¡£»¡¡who¡¡united¡¡India¡¡and¡¡bee
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡converted¡¡to¡¡Buddhism£»¡¡he¡¡dispatched¡¡missionaries¡¡to
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡neighbouring¡¡countries£»¡¡in¡¡four¡¡directions£»¡¡in
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡order¡¡to¡¡spread¡¡the¡¡Buddha's¡¡teaching¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡monk¡­missionaries¡¡had¡¡arrived¡¡in¡¡the¡¡foreign¡¡lands£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡probably¡¡were¡¡influenced¡¡by¡¡the¡¡new¡¡environment¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Due¡¡to¡¡the¡¡foreign¡¡culture£»¡¡new¡¡ideas¡¡of¡¡Buddhism
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡created¡£¡¡¡¡Therefore£»¡¡the¡¡above¡­mentioned¡¡seven
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hinayana¡¡sects¡¡were¡¡formed¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡article¡¡should¡¡also¡¡discusses¡¡¡¡the¡¡sources
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡were¡¡the¡¡eighteen¡¡Hinayana¡¡sects¡¡derived£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡®Mahisasaka¡®¡¡Sect£»¡¡the¡¡Dharmaguptaka¡¡¡¡Sect£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Haimavata¡¡¡¡Sect¡¡and¡¡the¡¡¡®Tamrasatiya¡®¡¡¡¡Sect¡¡were
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Arya¡­Sthavira¡¡School¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡Mula¡­Mahasamghika¡¡¡¡Sect£»¡¡the¡¡Lokottarvadin
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sect£»¡¡the¡¡Kukktika¡¡Sect£»¡¡the¡¡Bahusrutiya¡¡Sect£»¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®Prajnaptivadin¡®¡¡Sect¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Caitika¡¡Sect¡¡were
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Mahasamghika¡¡School¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Vatsiputriya¡¡Sect£»¡¡the¡¡Dharmottariya¡¡¡¡Sect£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Bhadrayaniya¡¡¡¡Sect£»¡¡the¡¡sannagarika¡¡Sect¡¡and¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sammatiya¡¡¡¡Sect¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡derived¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Arya¡­
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Vatsiputriya¡¡School¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Mula¡­Sarvastivadin¡¡Sect£»¡¡the¡¡Kasyapiya¡¡Sect
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Samkran¡­


¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡46í“

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tivadin¡¡Sect¡¡were¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Arya¡­Sarvastivadin
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡School¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Dharma¡¡transmission¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡different
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sects£»¡¡this¡¡article¡¡¡¡demonstrates¡¡¡¡that¡¡some¡¡of¡¡them
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡the¡¡religious¡¡¡¡descendants¡¡¡¡of¡¡Mahakasyapa¡¡¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ananda¡£¡¡¡¡While¡¡the¡¡others£»¡¡however£»¡¡were¡¡descendants
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡Upali£»¡¡Aniruddha£»¡¡Sariptutra¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡Rahula£»¡¡and¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Katyayana£»¡¡etc¡£

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡