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从句。)This is the bike for which I paid 100。这就是我花了100美元买的那辆自行车。The car(which/that)he went in was a black Cadillac。他坐在里面走了的那辆汽车是一辆黑色的卡迪拉克。The accounts of the pany; (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to; are in balance。我一直非常注意的公司账目,是保持平衡的。3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物,作定语。of which 可用whose 代替;The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s。那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。例:His house of which the windows (the windows of which /whose windows) were all broken was a depressing sight。
他那所有窗户都坏了的房子真是目不忍睹。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken。
这就是那本封皮破了的书。4.关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。特别要注意插入语,如:Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract。 Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入语)
At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable。
在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。5.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致:例:These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。
这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly pleted and which /that has 15 bedrooms; 3 kitchens and 4 toilets?
你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗?
So far as I know; there are many VIPs who are going to attend the reception。
就我所知有很多达官贵人将出席这个招待会。6.非限定性定语从句不用that,只用who(whose; whom)和which代表人和物;例:Her brothers; both of whom work in America; ring her up every week。
她的兄弟们??两个人都在美国工作??每个星期都给她打电话。
The buses; most of which were already full; were surrounded by an angry crowd,
那些公共汽车??大多已经坐满了人??被一群愤怒的人围着。
That tower block; which cost five million dollars to build; has been empty for five years。
那个塔楼空着已经5年了。建它花了500万美元。
Cricket; which I know very little about; is a very popular sport in England。
板球是英格兰非常流行的体育活动,我对它知之甚少。
The accounts of the pany ;which I’ve been paying great attention to; are in balance。
公司的账目是保持平衡的。我一直非常注意这些账目。7.关系副词(=介词+关系代词):
关系副词先行词在从句中的作用说明when(=at / on / in / during which)时间名词时间状语非正式文体中,有时用that代替关系副词where(=in / at which)地点名词地点状语
why=(for which)只有reason原因状语例:I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met。
我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The rain came at a time when (=at which) it was not needed。
雨下得不是时候。
This is the puter where (=by/on which) he has stolen top…secret documents。
这就是他用来盗窃绝密文件的计算机。
Here is the place where (=at which) the murder took place。
这就是谋杀发生的地方。
He didn’t give any reason why (=for which) I had been fired。
他没给任何解雇我的理由
This is the house in which (=where) my parents used to live。
这就是我父母以前住过的房子。注意事项:(1)在非正式场合, that有时可用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”,而且经常全部省略,如:In all the years that (=when/during which) I was at collage
在我读大学的那些年里
the reason that(=why/for which)he is not happy
他不高兴的理由
The direction(that)(=in which )the heavenly bodies move can’t be changed。
天体运行的方向是不可改变的。
He is unpopular because people don’t like the offensive way (that)(=in which) he talks。
他不受欢迎的原因是他说话的方式让人讨厌。(2)是用关系代词还是用关系副词:关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)是学习英语定语从句的关键。用关系代词还是用关系副词,一要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分;二要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因;三要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词,这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。如:This is the room where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year。
这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当地点状语)
This is the room(that /which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in。
这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当介词宾语,可省略。)
This is the room which /that will be used for the celebration of the New Year。
这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。(充当主语)
This is the room (which/that) we’ll use for the New Year dinner party。
这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。(充当宾语,可省略。)
The reason (that /which) he had given was not sound enough。
他给的理由不够充分。(充当宾语,可省略)
The reason why/for which he had done that was not sound enough。
他做那件事的理由不够充分。(充当原因状语)This is the house where she lives。这是她住的房子。【比较:This is the house (that/which) she has bought。 这是她买的房子。This is the house that/which I’ve told you is extremely expensive。这就是我和你说过极其昂贵的那幢房子。】
I met him in the year when I was first in Xi’an。
我刚到西安的那年遇到了他。
That is the reason why he did not e that morning。
那就是那天上午他没来的原因。(3)定语从句中的时态。如果主句是一般将来时或过去将来时,从句的动作与主句的同时发生,那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般过去时表示过去将来时。例:Anyone who/that touches the wire will get an electric shock。
任何碰这根电线的人将受到电击。(不用will touch)
I would give her anything that she asked for。
她要什么我就给她什么。(不用would ask)
The first person who/that opens the door will get a shock。
第一个开门的人将被吓一跳。(不用will open)
There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks。
任何人在下两周内定做套装都将享受优惠价格。(不用will order)
但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,如:Those who will go abroad for training next year will start learning English tomorrow。
那些明年出国受训的人员,将从明天开始学习外语。注:①先行词有最高级形容词修饰时,常用that,而不用which:例:Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived。