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We listened to her talk about her experience abroad。 我们听她讲国外的经历。
We’d be glad to have you work with us。 我们会很高兴有你和我们一起工作。
上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中,上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。
I heard the dog e in。 我听见那条狗进来。
=The dog was heard to e in。 有人听见那条狗进来。
I saw her go out by bike。 我看见她骑着自行车出去了。
=She was seen to go out by bike。 有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box? ? 我可以帮着搬起这个沉重的箱子吗?
You may as well help me (to)get things straight。 你不妨帮我把东西整理好。
She helped the old woman (to) cross the street。 他帮助那位老妇人过街
在had better(最好),would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿),would (just) as soon(宁愿),cannot but(不能不,不由得不),cannot help but(不能不,不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式:
He would rather listen to others than talk himself。 他宁愿听别人也不愿自己说。
He would sooner play than work。 他宁愿玩也不愿干活。
You had better go away right now。 你最好立即就走。
I would rather take this method。 我倒愿意采取这个办法。
I’d rather walk than take a bus。 我宁可走也不愿坐公共汽车。
She’d rather die than lose the children。 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。
I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast。
She’d sooner stay at home。
I would as soon do it by myself。
I would just as soon stay as go。 我宁愿住下也不愿去。
We couldn’t but weep at the sad news。
You can’t but respect them。Rather than和sooner than同义,都是“宁可”,“与其…(不如)”,“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时,其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:
Rather than risk breaking up his marriage; he told his wife everything。 他把一切都告诉了妻子,而不是冒离婚的危险。
Rather than cause trouble; he left。 他宁可走开而不愿引起麻烦。
Sooner than marry that man; she would earn her living as a waitress。 她宁可当女招待养活自己,也不嫁给那个男人。
He decided to write rather than telephone。 他决定写信,不打电话。
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages。 经理相信重要的是投资买新机器,而不是增加工资。
Rather than John do it; I’d prefer to do the job myself。 与其让John干这件事情,我宁可自己动手。
4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式:
Why not e with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don' t you e with us?
Why not go for a game of tennis? 为什么不去打网球呢?
Why not relax yourself? 为什么不放松你自己呢?
Why not try to train your character? 为什么不培养你的性格呢?
Why not give the 40 to Tom? 干吗不把那40美金给汤姆呢?
For God’s sake; why bring that up again? 看在上帝的份上,干吗又提这事呢?
Why split hairs over the color of the dress? 干吗对连衣裙的颜色吹毛求疵呢?
Why run this risk? ?干吗冒这个险?
Why risk breaking the law? 干吗冒犯法的险呢?
5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时,常用it来代替不定式短语,而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有:consider认为,feel觉得,find发现,make使,think认为,等等。例如:
I think it best to go。 我想最好走。
Do you consider it right to send our doctors over? 你觉得派我们的医生去对吗?
I found it strange for her not to e today。 我发现她今天没来是很奇怪的。
注意:hope希望,demand要求,suggest建议,这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补。错误的句子:I hope you to be happy。 我希望你快乐。I suggest you to take him seriously。 ?我建议你要把他当回事。We demanded them to give us a definite answer。我们要求他们给个确切的答复。正确的句子:I hope that you’ll be happy。 我希望你快乐。I suggest that you take him seriously。 我建议你要把他当回事。I advise you not to take him seriously。 ?我建议你不要把他当回事。We demanded that they give us a definite answer。 我们要求他们给个确切的答复。
(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰的词之后,有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有:ability能力,agreement一致,协议,ambition抱负、野心,anxiety焦急,attempt试图,campaign战役,chance机会,claim声称,courage勇气,decision决定,determination决心,drive努力,eagerness殷切的心情,effort努力,failure失败,hope希望,intention目的意图,motive force动力,movement运动、协议,need需要,opportunity机会,plan计划,promise诺言,readiness乐意,refusal拒绝,reluctance勉强不愿,resolution决心,tendency倾向,right权力,struggle斗争,threat威胁,time时候,way方法,willingness愿意,wish希望。
与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to; refusal →refuse to 等。作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。
There is not any one to save him。 没有任何能救他的人。
He’s a not a man to tell lies。 他不是那种撒谎的人。
He’s a man to be trusted 他是个可以信赖的人。
He needs love to strengthen his broken heart。 ???他需要爱来给他那破碎的心以力量。
I don’t understand his idea to send his son to the Sahara。 我不明白他把儿子送到撒哈拉沙漠的想法。
I need to buy a box to hold my CDs。 ???我需要买个装CD片的盒子。
This visit is a good opportunity to learn Chinese。 这次访问是学习中文的好机会。
No investigation; no right to speak。 没有调查就没有发言权。
Not to speak much is the best way to avoid trouble。 不多言是避免麻烦的最好办法。
This is a good way to make money。 这是个赚钱的好方法。
We were given some bread to eat。 ?给了我们一些面包吃。
I’ve a lot of things to take care of in the office today。 今天我办公室里由于很多事情要处理。
Have you got a key to unlock this door? ?你有开这个门的钥匙吗?
He needs a place to live in。 他需要有个住的地方。
This is not a pen to write with but to draw with。 这不是写字而是画画用的笔。
I have not a friend to talk with。 ?我没有能谈心的朋友。
作定语时,也可以给不定式加上主语。例如:
The order for the army to start has been given。 已经发出了让部队开始的命令。
The power for science to serve mankind is limitless。 ?科学为人类服务的力量是无穷的。
The letter for you to answer is placed on your desk。。 ??要你回的那封信放在你办公桌上。
(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。例如:
To gamble is to mit suicide; but not to ge