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政府的权力就可以被制衡了。
In many countries; power rests with a strong centralized government。 In contrast; under the American federal system; the national government shares its power with the state governments。 The federal government possesses only those powers clearly delineated in the Constitution; all remaining powers are reserved for the states。
在许多国家,权力集中于中央政府。相对之下,在美国联邦制度下,国家政府与州政府分摊权力。联邦政府只拥有宪法中明确陈述的权力,其它所有的权力都保留在州政府。
The English political theorist Thomas Paine wrote in 1776; 〃Government; even in its best state; is but a necessary evil; in its worst state; an intolerable one。〃 The American government; like every government; has its share of thorny problems。 An increasing number of governmental agencies and government workers has created the problem of bureaucracy; where a mountain of paperwork stifles efficiency。 Lobbyists make appeals to Congress on behalf of special interest groups。 As a result; those with the biggest lobby……and the most money……tend to have the loudest voice in Washington。
英国政治理论家汤玛士.潘尼在一七七六年写道:「政府,即使在在其最好的状态,也不过是一个无可避免的恶魔;在它最坏的状态,就是一个无法忍受的恶魔。」美国政府就像每一个政府一样,也有棘手的问题。不断增加的政府机构及公务员造成了官僚政治的问题,使堆积如山的纸上作业扼杀了效率。游说者为特定利益团体向国会上诉请愿。结果,说官人数最多,即钱最多的团体,在华盛顿就有最大的声音。
Americans harbor mixed feelings about their own government。 They recognize the need for it; but they remain suspicious of it。 To some Americans; the government is Big Brother; an oppressive organization which delights in taxing its people and meddling in their affairs。 To others; the government is a rich Uncle Sam who provides for the poor and protects his people from bullies at home and abroad。 But no matter how they view their government; Americans wouldn't trade it for any other on the face of the earth。
美国人对他们自己的政府怀有复杂的情感。他们知道它存在必要性,但还是对它存疑。对某些美国人来说,政府是一个压抑人民的组织,以向人民征税为乐,并干预人民隐私的「老大哥」。对其他人来说,政府是一个富有的山姆叔叔,它供养穷人并保护它的人民在国内外免受欺凌。不管他们怎样看待他们的政府,美国人都不会将它与地球上任何一个政府交换的。
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Growing Old 美国老年人
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| | 6月19日
Happy birthday! Do birthdays really make people happy? Of course they do。 Birthdays celebrate the day we were born。 Moreover; that extra candle on the cake represents another year of growth and maturity…or so we hope。 We all like to imagine that we're getting wiser and not just older。 Most of us enjoy observing the miracle of growth in others; as well。 For instance; seeing our children develop and learn new things makes us feel proud。 For Americans; like people in most cultures; growing up is a wonderful process。 But growing old? That's a different story。
生日快乐!生日真能使人快乐吗?这是当然的啊,庆生是庆祝我们来到世上的日子,除此之外,蛋糕上多加一支蜡烛也代表了另一年的成长与成熟……或者说至少我们希望能如此。我们都喜欢想象着自己能够越来越有智能,而不只是变老,我们大部份人也同时较喜欢观察别人成长的奇迹。例如:看到我们的孩子长大并学习新的事物使我们感到骄傲。而对美国人而言,就像大部份其它文化中的人们一样,长大是一个美好的历程,但是变老呢?那可就是另外一回事了。
Growing old is not exactly pleasant for people in youth…oriented American culture。 Most Americans like to look young; act young and feel young。 As the old saying goes; 〃You're as young as you feel。〃 Older people joke about how many years young they are; rather than how many years old。 People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom。 But Americans seem to favor those that are young; or at least 〃young at heart。〃
在美国这个以年轻人为中心的社会中,老化对人们而言并不是一件愉快的事,大部份的美国人都希望自己看起来年轻、行动年轻、并且感觉年轻,如一句古老的名言说:「你感觉自己有多年轻,你就有多年轻。」老年人说自己的年龄时常开玩笑说自己是多少 years young,而不说多少 years old 。某些文化中的人视老年人为经验与智能的资源,可是美国人似乎比较喜欢年轻人,或者至少是「心里年轻」的人。
Many older Americans find the 〃golden years〃 to be anything but golden。 Economically; 〃senior citizens〃 often struggle just to get by。 Retirement…typically at age 65…brings a sharp decrease in personal ine。 Social Security benefits usually cannot make up the difference。 Older people may suffer from poor nutrition; medical care and housing。 Some even experience age discrimination。 In 1987; American sociologist Pat Moore dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets。 She was often treated rudely…even cheated and robbed。 However; dressed as a young person; she received much more respect。 Of course; not all elderly American